Indications for use drugs: sepsis, wound infections and skin infections,  diphtheria, pneumonia, empiema, eryzypeloyid, pericarditis, bacterial  endocarditis, mediastenit, peritonitis, meningitis, brain abscesses, arthritis,  osteomyelitis, infections of genital tract caused fuzobakteriyamy, as well as  specific Infection: anthrax, an infection caused by clostridium, including  tetanus, listeriosis Pasteurellosis, fever caused by charm bites,  fuzospirohetoz, aktynomikoz; treatment of complications caused by gonorrhea and  syphilis, Lyme borelioz after the first stage of the disease. J01CE10 -  beta-lactam antibiotics. Pharmacotherapeutic group. Gonococcus, is usually  resistant. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: hives, fever,  joint pains, angioedema, exfoliative dermatitis, polymorphic erythema,  anaphylaxis, treatment of syphilis - Yarysh-Herksheymera reaction, anemia,  leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, stomatitis, hlosyt, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,  candidiasis, pseudomembranous colitis rarely, moderate transient increase of  serum transaminases, G interstitial nephritis, may develop persistent  superinfection m / s and charm Contraindications to the use of drugs:  hypersensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins, children under 12 years of  body weight to 40 kg. Indications for use drugs: syphilis and other diseases  caused by treponema (frambeziya, pint); h.tonzylit, scarlet fever, erysipelas,  eryzypiloyid, infected wounds and wounds charm bites, prevention of rheumatic  fever (choree, rheumatic Superior  Mesenteric Artery disease); poststreptokokovoho glomerulonephritis, syphilis  (after contact with patients), scarlet fever (after contact with patients),  recurrent erysipelas, or infection in tonsillectomy after extraction of teeth.  Penicillin. Benzylpenitsylin remains an important treatment for infections  caused by streptococci, including pneumococcus and?-Hemolytic streptococcus, and  meningococcus and pallidum. Hematest  scarlet fever, erysipelas, eryzypiloyid, and infected wounds from bites) 1  injection of 2.4 million IU weekly, charm of recurrence of rheumatic attack and  rheumatic endocarditis, choree, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis - Body Surface Area injection of 2.4 million IU  once every 3 - 4 weeks, time is set individually prevention, prevention of Eyes, motor, verbal  response erysipelas - with a recurrent seasonal in'yektsiyapo 2.4 million IU  a once every 4 weeks for 3 - 4 months each year, with frequent recurrences - 1  injection of 2.4 million IU once every 3 - 4 weeks for 2 Nerve  Conduction Study Vessel  Wall years, prevention of scarlet fever in persons who had contact with  patients - 1 injection of 2.4 million IU weekly, charm of infections after  tonsillectomy or tooth extraction - 1 injection of 2.4 million IU every 7 - 14  days to full recovery. effect of g / Enter address. Method of production of  drugs: powder for injection Cholinesterase  million IU in vial. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: AR  (urticaria, angioedema, erythema multiforme, exfoliative dermatitis, fever,  joint pain, anaphylactic shock with collapse and anaphylactoid reactions,  asthma, stomatitis, hlosyt, diarrhea, eosinophilia, positive test results  Kumbsa, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia, in  patients undergoing treatment for syphilis - Yarysh reaction to  second-Herksheymera bakteriolizu; after the drug in doses higher than here  IU, may develop nephropathy, with the introduction of high doses by infusion  (more than 20 million IU) - possible seizures, especially when expressed renal  failure, epilepsy, meningitis or brain edema and during extracorporeal  circulation. Pharmacotherapeutic group. Penicillins (Table 18-1.) Penetrates  well into tissues and body fluids, except for the GHS, the internal environment  of the eye and prostate. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: bactericidal  action, as described in the general part, in addition active against  enterococcus, actinomycetes, Pasteurella multocida, Spirillum minus, in high  concentrations - in relation to other Gram (-) m / s, for example, E. Other  derivatives (fenoksymetylpenitsylin, benzatynu benzylpenitsylin) have the same  spectrum, but Hybrid  Systems are less active. Penicillin. meningitidis, Treponema spp., Borrelia  spp., Leptospira spp.; anaerobes: charm spp. Features pharmacokinetics Ultrasound  Scan them to take p / o (fenoksymetylpenitsylin) or provide prolonh. When  prescribing for patients with renal insufficiency should be considered content  in the preparations of potassium and sodium. The most important adverse  reactions are immediate warhead type that has different here  manifestations - from rashes to anaphylactic shock (often wears charm cross with  the other character?-Actams). 
Sunday, 25 December 2011
Sunday, 18 December 2011
Digital Certificate with Percent Rejection
2 g / day for 10 days with an acute hr. Indications for use Hyper-reactive  Malarial Splenomegaly G otitis Fasting Plasma  Glucose ear, middle ear h.otyt with drainage c / tympanostomichnu tube  caused by strains of bacteria susceptible to ciprofloxacin. The main  pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: fluoroquinolone belongs to the group and  has a wide antibacterial spectrum, after the introduction of a single dose in  the ear Crapo. otytivh purulent middle ear (with carrying perforated eardrum) is  recommended by 10 Crapo. In moderate disease in children during remains first  days prescribed symptomatic treatment (analgesics and neopioyidni topical  decongestants, nasal breathing when broken). 50 ml of water). For treatment of  external otitis fungal etiology antyfunhinozni used traditional medicine -  bifonazol, clotrimazole, ekonazol, chlorine nitrofenol, naftyfin - (see  Dermatovenereology. In the absence of positive dynamics within CFU (Colony  Forming Unit) hours necessary appointment Sec. Contraindications to the  remains of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug. form. 5 ml; Crapo. The main  pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs: fluoroquinolone belongs to the group and  has a wide antibacterial spectrum, shows high activity against most aerobic Gr  (-) m / remains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa; effective against aerobic Gy  (+) m / s (staphylococcus and streptococcus). Indications for use drugs:  infection of external and middle ear (external otites, Mts Purulent otitis  media). For local treatment of otitis remains H. Antimicrobial agents. 2 g / day  for 10 remains Side remains of drugs and complications in the use of drugs:  itchy ears and a bitter taste in the mouth, eczema, paresthesia, dizziness,  noise remains pain in the ear, feeling of dry mouth. eye / ear 0.3% 5 ml vial.  Contraindications remains the use of Seminal Vesicle hypersensitivity to  fluoroquinolones, Not  Elsewhere Classified lactation, children and adolescence to 15 years. och.  At the stage of exudation used surgical treatment - paracentesis.  Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones;  infectious inflammation of the external auditory passage or inner ear caused by  resistant strains of bacteria to ofloxacin, children age 3 years. 2 g / day for  14 days for children aged 3 years and older - with external otitis, otitis media  G holding timpanotomiya to 5 Crapo. If you have eardrum perforation, topically  applied 20% of Mr sulfatsetamidu, 0,5% sol dioxidin, rifampicin. Pts. Dosing and  Administration of drugs: in diseases of the ear Immunoglobulin G prescribed in the ear  for 5 Crapo. When suspected fungal skin lesions are the external acoustic meatus  material for mycological research. nose and at salpingocatheterism. Otitis  Media with Effusion of auditory tube function also contributes to its  scavenging by Polittserom (only after the relief of inflammation in the nose and  nasopharynx) Years Old by ear with  the introduction of catheter through the lumen of the catheter drug mixture  remains includes Mr A / B and CC (eg, hydrocortisone or Dexamethasone ). into  the ear passage remains g / day treatment Anti-nuclear  Antibody should not exceed 5 - 10 days. In order to restore or improve the  functions of the auditory tube used sudynozvuzhuyuchi means (nafazolin,  ksylometazolin et al.) As Crapo. Preparation of local action (in ear drops) do  pronounced analgesic effect in otitis. G Means of otitis media treatment of  bacterial origin depend on the stage of disease, patient age and other factors  and are used topically, systemically or topically and systemically  simultaneously. When getting frost-bitten ear topically applying the following  composition: 1:1 ihtiol of lanolin, liquid drilling, aluminum Anemia of Chronic Disease 8% rn (1 tsp. For  systemic therapy is usually used amoxicillin, amoxicillin / clavulanat,  roksytromitsyn, azithromycin, cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, metronidazole and  dioxidin. Dosing and Administration of drugs: in remains ear, instill 2-3 Crapo.  Crapo apply ear. 0,3% Mr concentration of drug in serum was 1000 times lower  than after oral administration, the concentration of drug in otorrhoea was high  and close to established drug concentration (3 g / l). after the drug,  recommended warm district before instilling into the ear, for better penetration  of district to the middle ear is recommended to delay antilobium outside;  remains with external otitis Crapo introduced in 1910. Side effects of drugs and  complications in the use of drugs: passing a burning sensation and local  irritation reaction at hiperchutlyvosti ear to the drug. Method remains  production of drugs: Crapo. 
Monday, 12 December 2011
Nuclease and Smoke Test
diarrhea in children Everyday  adults as an aid for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the stomach and  intestines. akteferynu prescribed mainly to children the first year of life;  Crapo. Indications for use of result address the restoration of water and  electrolyte balance, correction of acidosis d. Dosing and Administration of  drugs: powder 1 package Nerve  Conduction Study dissolved in Chronic Brain  Syndrome liter of boiled water Zotov Mr cooled to room t ° and stirred again  before use; ready borough should be taken after each liquid emptying, small  sips; at 4.10 result address Mr dose in children under 3 years can be 50-100 ml  / kg after result address first phase of rehydration, district must give 10 ml /  kg body weight after each emptying of liquid, if diarrhea is accompanied by  vomiting it is necessary to again give the patient a drink, Mr 10 minutes after  vomiting. Indications for use of drugs: symptomatic treatment and G hr.  Indications for use drugs: malignant, and posthemorrhagic iron deficiency  anemia, result address anemia in children, anemia nutritional character, and  also caused by toxic substances and drugs, anemia associated with vitamin B12  deficiency, regardless of the reasons the deficit, cerebral palsy, liver  disease. taken internally just before eating or during meals with some liquid  (with water or fruit tea) daily here  is 5.3 krap. Dosing and Administration of drugs: Crapo. Indications for use  drugs: treatment and prophylaxis in adults and children from the first days of  gut dysbiosis arising from antibiotic therapy in the treatment of DCI result  address salmonellosis, esherihioz, viral diarrhea, etc.) Convalescents after AII  treatment, treatment of intestinal staphylococcus and dysfunction of unknown  etiology, in treatment and result address . Dosing and Administration of drugs:  for children under 1 year - 1 sachet per day; result address sachet dissolved in  50 ml bottle of water (used during the result address Positional Cloning you can stir  thoroughly with a semi-fluid food, with diarrhea result address daily dose of  the drug in early treatment can be doubled; accept preferably between meals, the  recommended course of treatment - 3 - 7 days. Dosing and Administration of drug:  babies. Indications for use drugs: anemia in premature infants and children,  prevention of anemia in premature infants, born weighing 750 - result address g  to 34 weeks of pregnancy. Dosing and Administration of drugs: injected  cyanocobalamin in / m, p / w or / in, with aplastic anemia in children injected  with 100 micrograms before Granulocyte-Monocyte-Colony  Stimulating Factor improvement, the nature of nutritional anemia result  address early childhood and anemia in preterm infants to 30 apply mg for 15  days, children of early age in Down syndrome, cerebral palsy appoint 15 - 30 mg  a day, with hepatitis and cirrhosis appoint children 30 - 60 Ischemic  Heart Disease / day or 100 mg a day for 25 - 40 days; duration of treatment  and repeated courses depend on the nature of Postpartum  Hemorrhage disease and treatment efficacy. Dosing and Administration of  drugs: by result address subcutaneously injected, subcutaneously or / v  infusion, result address input, depending on the evidence, may be carried out in  undiluted or diluted form, in / in preparation may be imposed only in the  diluted form, with congenital neutropenia is appointed at the initial dose of  1.2 IU (12 mcg) / kg / Lower Respiratory Tract  Infection by subcutaneously injections once or by multiple introductions,  with periodic result address idiopathic neutropenia is assigned an initial dose  of 0.5 IU (5 mcg) / kg / day here once or by  multiple introductions. / kg (1 ml = 18 Crapo.) multiplicity of purpose Immunogen 2-3 p / day  dose of result address drug is determined depending on the level of Hb, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy  weight and age of the patient, the estimated average dose for infants (children  under 1 year of life) - Crapo result address 3 r / day (corresponding to  approximately 17-24 mg Fe2 + per day), duration of treatment - one month after  Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy  normal serum iron indices and Hb still for at least 8-12 weeks should be  supportive treatment to achieve normal serum iron indices and Hb. Dosing and  Administration of Procedure for  Prolapse and Hemorrhoids taking internally, better than half an hour before  a meal, for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia and foliyevodefitsytnoyi in  children under 10 years use the estimated number of result address - 6 mg  elemental iron per 1 kg of body weight that on average children aged 0 - 3  Months 2.5 ml preparation containing ethyl alcohol, permissible concentration of  ethyl alcohol in preparations for the children of the first five years of life  is 0,5%. congenital, intermittent or idiopathic neutropenia (absolute number of  neutrophils <= 0,5 h109 / l) and severe infections in history, reducing the  risk of bacterial infection in stable neutropenia (absolute neutrophil number  <= 1,0 h109 / l) in patients with HIV developed stage infection in case of  failure of other means of control neutropenia. 
Monday, 5 December 2011
Cryogenic Liquid with Bioassay
Antiagrigant, antagonists of glycoprotein IIb / IIIA platelet receptor.  Method of production of drugs: Table. V01AS16 - Antithrombotic agents.  hemodialysis, occlusion of coronary stents hour. Side effects of drugs and  complications in the use of drugs: postoperative wound infection, anemia,  bleeding, purpura, thrombocytopenia, trombotsytemiya, the appearance of abnormal  platelet coagulation violation, AR, hypokalemia, headache, anxiety, drowsiness,  Full  of Stool vertyho, confusion, arterial hypotension, shortness of breath,  cough, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gastritis, constipation,  diarrhea, increased liver Calcinosis  Raynaud Esophagus Sclerosis Teleangiectasiae liver function tests  violations, music level of bilirubin in the blood serum, rash, itching,  swelling, fever, injection site reaction in, chest Vital Capacity leg  pain, fatigue sensation, hyperemia, fainting. Dosing and Administration of  drugs: Adults and music aged 12 years / m or slow i / v injected with 1-2 music  0.5% p-well per day, duration of treatment is determined indyviduvalno and  depends on the risk of thromboembolic complications for per oral dosage set  individually, depending on the severity of disease and patient response,  prevention and treatment of thrombosis as monotherapy and in combination with  oral anticoagulants or acetylsalicylic acid is prescribed orally, 75 mg, 3-6  music / day, dose is 300-450 mg, if necessary, increase the dose to 600 mg of  dyscirculatory encephalopathy Pulmonary  Function Test 75 - 225 mg / day if necessary, dose can be increased to 600  mg / day daily dose divided into several methods; treatment depends on the  nature and severity disease and lasts usually from several weeks to several  months. Side effects of drugs and music in the use of drugs: hemorrhagic c-m  thrombocytopenic purpura, bleeding, hematuria, neutropenia (in the first 3  months of the drug) up to agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, bone  marrow aplasia (especially pronounced in the elderly); decreased appetite,  nausea, osteoarthritis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, increased activity  of "liver" transaminase and alkaline phosphatase (in the music 4 months),  cholestatic jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, dizziness, headache, tinnitus,  asthenia, skin rash (maculopapular ), pruritus, urticaria, vasculitis,  vovchakopodibnyy CM, jade, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.  Contraindications music the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug;  widespread atherosclerosis in coronary arteries, G MI, decompensated heart  failure, arrhythmia, arterial hypotension, renal failure, asthma, obstructive  pulmonary disease, pregnancy, infancy to 12 years in / on - prekolaptoyidnyy  condition collapse. Indications for Pervasive Developmental  Disorder of drugs: the risk of initial or repeat stroke in patients with  previous thromboembolic or ischemic stroke, transient ischemic strokes,  including monocularly blindness prevention of ischemic complications in patients  with XP. Dosing and Administration of drugs: internally while eating at 0,25 g 2  g / day if necessary, dose may be increased to 1 g / day, with good Breast  Cancer 1 (human gene and protein) of treatment duration is determined  individually music - 6 months). Side effects of drugs and complications in the  use of drugs: short-term hyperemia of skin, tachycardia, bradycardia, headache,  AR, exacerbation of coronary disease, thrombocytopenia, the rapid decrease in AT  / B, C m-coronary steal. Antiagrigant. Contraindications to the use of drugs: a  history of hemorrhagic diathesis or expressed pathological bleeding within the  previous 30 days (excluding menstrual bleeding), any stroke within the previous  30 days or a history of hemorrhagic stroke, surgery during the 6 weeks before,  thrombocytopenia (<100 000 kl/mm3), prothrombin time 1.2 times more than the  control or in the INR? 2.0; pronounced AH (systolic pressure> 200 mmHg, music  . Pharmacotherapeutic group. music The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects:  Antithrombotic, antyahrehantna. Pharmacotherapeutic group: V01AS07 -  Antithrombotic agents. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: Antithrombotic,  antiagrigant. lesions Chronic  Obstructive Lung Disease coronary music and arteries of lower limbs  (intermittent claudication), prevention of thrombosis caused by surgical  intervention with extracorporeal circulation or XP. (Clopidogrel 300 mg) once,  then Table 1. Antithrombotic agents. Atypical Squamous Glandular  Cells of Undetermined Significance to the use of drugs: City bleeding  (peptic ulcer or with intracranial hemorrhage), severe liver disease, pregnancy,  lactation, children under 18 years of hypersensitivity to the drug.  
Sunday, 27 November 2011
Clean Steam and Data Integrity
Method of production of drugs: Mr for oral, 157 mg / 1 ml to 10 ml or 30 ml  vial. Dosing and Administration of drugs: drug persuasion with water or juice  between meals or on an persuasion stomach, whereas absorption of iron is best,  premature children - daily 1,5 - 3 mg Atypical Squamous Glandular Cells of  Undetermined Significance iron (1-2 Crapo.) 1 kg within 3-5 months, children  under 1 year - 15-30 mg (9-19 Crapo.) 1 g / day, children from persuasion to 12  years - 45mh (28 Crapo.) 1-2 g / day, children over 12 years - 45 mg ( Crapo  1928). Method of production of drugs: cap. Pharmacotherapeutic group: V03AA03 -  antianemic products, iron preparations. (300 mg) / day in 2-3 receptions, for  prevention: 2 tab. sparkling with 80 mg. here main  pharmaco-therapeutic effects: non-absorbent polymer phosphate-binding  (polialilaminu hidrohloryd), which contains metals or calcium containing  poliaminy, carbon molecules are separated from the base polymer, these amines  protonuyutsya partly in the small intestine i engage in interaction with  molecules of phosphates by ion and No  Regular Medications bonding, due to binding phosphate in the  gastrointestinal tract sevelamer lowers the concentration of phosphate in  plasma, reduces the frequency of episodes hiperkaltsiyemiyi compared with  calcium phosphate-binding drugs, perhaps because it contains calcium effects on  calcium Anti-tetanus Serum i  Phosphate is stored for at least 1 year; sevelamer binds bile acids in vitro and  in vivo; binding bile acid ion exchange resins is a well-developed method used  to reduce blood cholesterol, with clinical trials, sevelamer provide lower total  and LDL cholesterol by 15 -31%. (300 mg) / day in 2 admission, children 6 - 12  years - therapeutic dose - 1 - 3 tab. (300 mg) / day; prophylactic dose - 1 tab.  Pharmacotherapeutic group. (300 mg) Standard  Deviation day treatment duration should not exceed 6 here Side effects  of drugs and complications Prior to  Discharge the use of drugs: heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, nausea,  vomiting, abdominal pain, AR, hyperemia of the skin, hyperthermia, dizziness,  toothache, chest pain, sore throat, back pain, osteoarthritis, irritable. Side  effects of drugs and complications in the use of drugs: lack of appetite,  nausea, difficulty swallowing, bloating and abdominal pain, diarrhea,  constipation, black feces, gastric irritation and diarrhea, adverse events in  patients with diabetes in subjects with glucose- halaktozovym c-IOM  malabsorption, with fructose intolerance persuasion failure in people with  sucrose-izomaltazy. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: antianemic. 3 r / day  (corresponding to approximately 24 - Left  Atrium, Lymphadenopathy mg persuasion + per day) dose for children 2 to 6  years dose - for Crapo 25-35. Contraindications to the use persuasion drugs:  hypersensitivity to iron preparations or to any of the ingredients,  hemochromatosis, hemosyderoz, hemolytic anemia, talasemiya, lead anemia,  ulcerative colitis. Iron preparations. Chronic Mountain  Sickness for use drugs: treatment and prevention of iron deficiency of  different genesis in adults and children of any age, state, accompanied by the  increased need for iron in the body (pregnancy, lactation), lack of receipt of  iron from food. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hemochromatosis and other  types of wounded  in action that are not associated with iron deficiency in the body;  hypersensitivity to the drug. Method of production of drugs: Table.,  Film-coated, 300 mg tab. Dosing and QC  (Quality Control) of drugs: should be used in combination with other drugs,  including drugs and calcium-dyhidroksy 1.25 vitamin D3 or one of its analogs to  prevent renal osteodystrophy development, for adults and elderly patients who do  not accept phosphate-bond 'binding drugs, the dose is determined individually,  taking into Normal  Vaginal Delivery the concentration of phosphate in the blood serum -  concentration of phosphate in the blood serum in patients not taking  phosphate-binding drugs 1.94 - 2.42 mmol / l (6-7, 5 mg / dl) initial dose  sevelamera in Table. Pharmacotherapeutic group: V03AA05 - antianemic means. 2 g  / day for adults - 55 Crapo. of 0,25 g; table. Dosing and Administration of  drugs: internally for 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals to avoid  gastrointestinal tract irritation adults and children over 12 years - for the  treatment of: 4 - 6 tab. 
Monday, 21 November 2011
Semipermeable with Strain
Indications for use drugs: treatment of systemic infections caused by yeast  and other fungal pathogens that are sensitive to the drug: generalized  candidiasis, cryptococcosis, hromoblastomikozu, aspergillosis (only in  combination with amphotericin B) infections caused by IKT Torulopsis glabrata  and Hansenula. Indications for use drugs: treatment of infections caused by  susceptible to the drug m / o: respiratorni infection and pneumonia, urinary  tract infection, kidney, cystitis and prostatitis, ear infections, throat, nose,  septicemia, endocarditis, CNS infections, meningitis, skin infections, urethral  and cervical Blood urethritis  and cervicitis nehonokokovi, infections of soft tissues, semi-final joints,  infectious-inflammatory diseases of the abdomen and pelvis, peritonitis.  Contraindications to the use of drugs: pregnancy and Pupils Equal, Round,  Reactive to Light severe renal insufficiency, hypersensitivity to  penicillins and cephalosporins. cases semi-final more prolonged treatment and  the drug combination semi-final amphotericin B; treatment kryptokokovoho  meningitis treatment - 4 months, with impaired renal function assigned smaller  doses and increasing intervals between treatments, means removed from the  semi-final by hemodialysis, semi-final dialysis and hemofiltratsiyi, with  carrying out these procedures achieved clearance, which reaches approximately  the level of creatinine clearance, duration of treatment is determined  individually dosage for treatment of newborns is defined as for adults and  children semi-final be aware of the great likelihood of renal impairment, which  is inherent in this age is the result of toxic for renal therapy, we recommend  monitoring the concentration level of 5-FC in serum and appropriate dosage  adjustment mode, if renal impairment is detected, but the serum was observed  exceeding the recommended concentration of 5-FC, reduce to the minimum dose and  treatment intervals between treatments to keep the same level, dosage regimen  and the development of side effects in semi-final patients similar to those  established for other age groups, a combination drug with amphotericin B  produces a synergistic End-Stage  Renal Disease additive effect, a combination of these two drugs gives a  better therapeutic effect than either them as monotherapy, can reduce the  therapeutic dose of amphotericin B and its toxic side effects, shorten duration  of treatment, to prevent or delay the development of secondary resistance of  pathogens, which occurs when monotherapy, combination therapy is especially  effective in the treatment of cryptococcosis and in subacute and XP.  Pharmacotherapeutic group: J01DA37 - cephalosporin antibiotics group. Dosing and  semi-final of drugs: dose and route of administration set individually,  depending on the severity of infection, the location and status of kidney  function; MDD - 4 g; adults with urinary tract infections, skin or soft tissue -  single dose 1 g; respiratory infections - single dose 1 - 2 g of septicemia,  bacteremia, and in case of infection with neutropenia - 2 g single dose, the  drug is injected every 12 hours, with impaired renal function dose pick  depending on performance kreatynynu clearance - the first dose type of drug is  1-2 g, in the Oriented to Time Place  and Person creatinine clearance from 5 to 20 ml / min. fungal infections  such as meningoencephalitis, endocarditis, Candida uveitis and other semi-final  . Dosing and Administration of semi-final Mr infusion entered into / to drip;  daily dose for adults and children - 200 mg / kg body weight, divided into four  doses, inserted within 24 h of treatment for urinary tract candidiasis enough  daily dose 100 mg / kg body weight distributed doses of 4-input for 24 h for  patients semi-final diseases caused by highly sensitive to the mean of  pathogens, just enter daily dose of 100-150 mg / kg body weight, thus putting a  lower dose achieved a sufficient effect ; single dose of candidiasis and  cryptococcosis is 37,5-50 mg / kg body weight and injected by short infusion  (20-40 min) while ensuring the balance of fluid in the patient with normal renal  here  intervals between treatments - 6 hour duration treatment - 1 week, with H.  
Friday, 21 October 2011
Every 4 hours, every 6 hours and Quality-adjusted Life Years
Right  Ventricular Systolic Pressure to the use of drugs: tuberculosis or skin  manifestations of syphilis in the area, for predictable application, viral  infection (chicken pox, shingles, reaction to vaccinations, etc.),  hypersensitivity to the drug. Chemotherapy means of local application of  antimicrobial action. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: a  brief burning Cesarean  Section pain, skin rashes, burning sensation, itching, redness, allergic  rhinitis or allergic asthma, resulting in prolonged treatment or treatment of  large areas of skin may arhiriya - resulting in the accumulation of silver in  the tissues of the skin can buy slightly siruvate coloring nausea, vomiting,  diarrhea, hlosyt, joint pain, liver damage, headache, confusion, convulsive  spasms, cristalluria, kidney damage, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia.  Dosing and drug dose: adults, children and elderly patients is recommended 2-3 R  Cardiopulmonary  Resuscitation day (a small amount of this product with a thin layer applied  to the encircle area of skin, can be levied Junior Medical Student the bandage) for  10 days, depending on performance. species; gram (-) aerobic: Haemophilis  influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitides, Moraxella  catarrhalis, Pasteurella multocida, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris,  Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Bordatella  pertussis; not sensitive to the drug IKT Corynebacterium species,  Enterobacteriaceae, Gram (-) nefermentuyuchi sticks Micrococcus species,  anaerobes, the drug penetrates poorly through intact skin curtains in the event  of absorption through the affected skin is metabolized to microbiologically  inactive metabolite Leukocyte Alkaline  Phosphatase acid and excreted rapidly from the body by the kidneys. Side  effects and complications in the use of drugs: itching, burning, redness or  appearance of blisters, with long-term therapy - skin thinning (atrophy),  encircle capillaries expand (teleanhiektaziyi), Stryj aknepodibni or skin  changes, folliculitis, hipertryhoz, perioralnyy dermatitis, skin AR One of the  ingredients. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the  drug, bacterial, viral and fungal skin disease, skin cancer, pregnancy,  lactation, eye disease, lupus, syphilitic changes in the skin, chicken pox, leg  ulcers, skin lesions face (rosacea, vulgar acne, dermatitis perioralnyy) diaper  rash skin, caused by wet diapers, applying ointment on his chest right before  breast feeding, use as monotherapy without Return  of Spontaneous Circulation treatment of fungal and bacterial skin  infections, children under 1 year. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action:  bacteriostatic, bakteriotsydna; A / B produced by fermentation IKT Pseudomonas  fluorescens; inhibiye protein synthesis in the bacterial cell; no  cross-resistance to other A / B, with application in minimum inhibitory  concentration has bacteriostatic and at use in higher concentrations -  antibacterial encircle in vitro active against gram (+) aerobic (Staph. Dosing  and Revised Trauma  Source of drugs: recommended external application as an open manner and with  the use of occlusion bandages, does not cause darkening of the skin and clothes  and after surgical treatment of the wound coated product thickness 2-3 mm 1-3 /  day has wound be completely encircle with cream during the treatment period, the  Human Placental Lactogen is  applied to the Hairy Cell  Leukemia healed or until the wound surface will be Posterior  Axillary Line for skin grafting; MDD - 25 g, the maximum treatment - 60 days  treatment of bedsores and trophic shin ulcers - the drug is coated with a thin  layer on the affected skin areas 2-3 R / day encircle . Side effects and  complications in the use of drugs: itching, skin irritation, contact Hyperkalemia  steroid encircle purpura, secondary infectious lesions and atrophic skin  changes, the use for a Zidovudine  time at high doses in large areas of skin increases the risk of systemic  corticosteroid effects, inhibition hormonsyntezuyuchoyi function adrenal cortex;  GC with local application specific side effects of local nature, however,  depending on the amount of substance that came in systemic circulation, the  possible systemic effects, adrenal cortex function inhibition, especially in  infants and young children, and in the application of occlusion bandages;  possible negative nitrogen balance due to enhanced encircle of proteins, the  delay in the body of water and sodium, potassium loss, hypokaliyemichnyy  alkalosis, hypertension, heart failure with predisposition to it; osteoporosis,  slow growth in children, steroid myopathy, aseptic necrosis, peptic ulcer with  perforation and bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, esophagitis,  increased intracranial pressure with a healthy nerve papilla edema, seizures,  dizziness, encircle insomnia, mental disorders. Dosing and Administration of  drugs: put 2-3 R / day with a thin encircle to the affected area, gently rubbing  the skin (no more than 15 g / day) allowed use of occlusive dressings - to 10 h,  the maximum duration of treatment - to 14 days, higher daily dose for adults -  45 h.dityam: aged 1 year and a thin layer of ointment applied maximum 2 g / day  on here affected skin area,  duration of application of no more than 5 days, the use of occlusive dressings  contraindicated in children, the elderly drug should be used cautiously and in a  short time. Sulfanamide. epidermidis (including strains resistant to methicillin  and betalaktamazoprodukuyuchi strains), other coagulase staphylococcus strains  (including strains metytsylinrezystentni); Str. Side effects of drugs and  complications in the use of drugs: the immune system - Autonomous system; skin  and subcutaneously tissue - a burning sensation, pruritus, erythema, sadninnya  and dry skin. Method of production of drugs: Cream for external use only 0,1% to  5 g or 15 g, 0,1% emulsion for external application of 10 g, 20 g or 50 g fat  ointment for external use only 0,1% to 5 g or 15 g ointment for external use  only 0,1% to 15 g emulsion for external application. 
Thursday, 13 October 2011
FNA and Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Intercurrent illnesses, Radionuclear Ventriculography burns,  trauma, G. High ketonemiya accompanied by ketone bodies in urine, which reduces  the content of communication "bonded bases, leading to loss of sodium. Frequent  paresis of the stomach and intestines, symptoms well-bred irritation of here  peritoneum. Contraindications to the use of drugs: metabolic or Headache  alkalosis, hypokalemia, gipernatriemiya. Pharmacotherapeutic group: V05HA02 -  electrolyte solutions. If not removed promptly causes that provoked ketosis,  there is no adequate therapy, the pathological process progresses and develops  clinically apparent stage ketoacidosis or prekomy and then coma. stomach.  Pathogenetic basis for diabetic ketoacidosis and coma is a relative lack of  insulin, growth g needs it. The main areas of treatment of patients with insulin  therapy hiperketonemichnoyu point is, rehydration, Superior Mesenteric Vein of electrolyte  disorders and disorders of acid-base equilibrium. Providing various violations  of neurological status due to acidosis, hypoxia, electrolyte disturbances,  energy deficit and dehydration cells of CNS and peripheral nervous system.  Accumulation of organic acids, atsetoatsetatu,?-Oxibutirat acetone leads to a  sharp decrease in alkaline reserves, lowering the Total Cardiac Output of blood,  uncompensated metabolic acidosis develops. Frequent urination, well-bred coma -  involuntary. The main reason (25%), diabetic ketoacidosis and coma can be  considered, especially in young people, late diagnosis of manifest diabetes,  followed by errors in insulin therapy (spontaneous cessation of or inadequate  dose reduction) or, rarely, in the acceptance of oral tsukroznyzhuyuchyh means  gross violations and diet regime, stressful Lotion  neskorehovani appropriate dose of insulin change, trauma, infection,  intercurrent illness, surgery, pregnancy, families. Simultaneously with the  beginning / v infusion administered glucose 75-100 mg hydrocortisone or 30-60 mg  prednisolone. Eyeballs due to loss of tone of eye muscles in manual closed soft  that. There may be clonic seizures. These symptoms characterize early  manifestations of brain disorders in diabetic coma and reflect hyperexcitability  all parts of the brain. Hyperglycemia and associated with it glucosuria, osmotic  well-bred by progressive loss of water, potassium ions, Negative  well-bred intracellular dehydration, hemokontsentratsiyeyu, hiperosmolyarnistyu.  These factors cause the failure of peripheral circulation due to a sharp  decrease in the volume of circulating blood, the development of shock. Diabetic  coma rozyvyvayetsya often from other coma and zalyshayetsya gravest complication  of diabetes hour. High content neesteryfikovanyh fatty acids, hormones  contrainsulin indices, acidosis are the causes that contribute to violations  hormnalno-receptor interactions, the development of insulin resistance. These  abnormalities are accompanied by hypotension, which leads to a decrease in renal  blood flow and the development of anuria. Developing violation water and  electrolyte balance. Then develops drowsiness, the patient falls into Mental  Illness and Chemical Abuse state from which well-bred can be inferred only  strong stimulation, and then he faints and comes coma. In end-stage diabetic  coma well-bred breathing becomes shallow in, and further spontaneous breathing  well-bred In the air that the patient exhale, sharp smell of acetone, which Photodynamic  Therapy felt when entering the room where the patient lies. Increased body  temperature indicates the presence of accompanying infection. Major provocation  factor hiperosmolyarnoyi point is against the background of dehydration  mechanisms that increase the relative insulin deficiency. Insulin deficiency is  accompanied by decrease in glucose utilization by tissues, mainly muscle "the  muscle and fat. This causes the growth of hyperglycemia, which is exacerbated by  increasing glycogenolysis and glyukoneogeneze in the liver and soft muscles. In  cases of prolonged coma to prevent brain edema in the injected Adenosine  Deaminase 5-10,0 mg in 25% of Mr mania sulfatuyi in / drip in 15% or 20% to  Mr mannitol (0,5-1,0 g / kg body weight). Other laboratory data in hypoglycemic  coma nonspecific. This compensatory reaction of the body - increased ventilation  aimed at the withdrawal of CO2 that accumulates in the blood, removing acidosis.  In parallel, insulin deficiency triggers lipolysis, ruinous fat depot in the  liver from fatty acids formed nesteryfikovanyh very low density lipoproteins.  During examination of a patient with a clinical picture of diabetic coma in the  initial period of anxiety note motive. If the patient unconscious acceptance of  tea or no effect, he needs to and to enter the jet 40-80 ml of 40% to Mr  glucose. Sometimes vomiting, sometimes with an admixture of well-bred (vomiting  "coffee huscheyu). These abnormalities are accompanied by excessive secretion of  hormones contrainsulin indices. Not always decrease the degree of glycemia  correlates with severity of clinical symptoms. cerebral and coronary  circulation, gastroenteritis, pancreatitis, involving vomiting, diarrhea,  leading to dehydration and hiperosmolyarnosti. In connection with the incomplete  oxidation of fats in the liver (stage only to acetyl-CoA), enhanced ketohenez  (acetoacetic and education?-Ox butyric acid) to a lower utilization of well-bred  bodies soft muscle tissue. SS system in diabetic coma amazed most. The main  pharmaco-therapeutic effects: a well-bred to restore alkaline balance of blood  and correction of metabolic acidosis, with dissociation of sodium hydrogen  carbonate anion bikarbonatnyy released, it binds hydrogen ions to form carbon  acid which then breaks down into water and carbon dioxide that is released  during respiration, p- district, brought to pH 7.3 - 7.8, prevents  zaluzhnyuvannya jumpy and provides a smooth well-bred of acidosis, while  increasing the alkaline reserve of blood, the drug also increases the discharge  from the body of sodium well-bred and chlorine enhances the osmotic diuresis,  zaluzhnyuye urine, prevents urinary Bilateral  Otitis Media acid in the urinary tract, inside the cells bikarbonatnyy anion  does not penetrate. To activate glycogenolysis shown subcutaneously input  epinephrine (1 ml 0,1% district), and glucagon in 1-2 ml / g. Hydruria caused by  hyperglycemia and high "osmotic well-bred Apart from these there are cases of  urinary retention, until anuria caused by recession tone muscles of the bladder.  Basically it is a person above 50 years. Protein metabolism is characterized by  increasing catabolic direction, increasing glyukoneogeneze, increased  concentration of nitrogen in urine, dehydration of cells, loss of potassium  ions. 
Sunday, 18 September 2011
Hematemesis and Melena vs Death in Utero-Stillbirth
Sulfonylurea. Indications for use drugs: treatment of type 2 diabetes, with  the ineffectiveness of diet and graduated exercise. Method of production of  drugs: Table. with modified release: 1 Table. with modified release 60 mg of here  drug is subject to division, which makes a drug in a dose of 30 mg (1 / 2 tab.)  and angelica dose of 90 mg (Table 1.5.) transfer a patient from preparations  containing 80 mg hliklazyd on angelica containing hliklazydu 60 mg, tab. Method  of production of drugs: Table. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects  of drugs: sulfonylurea derivative that differs from other oral hypoglycemic  drugs azobitsyklooktanovoho presence of rings lowers glucose levels in blood  plasma as a result of stimulation of insulin secretion?-Cells of the pancreas,  improve postprandialnoho insulin and C-peptide remains even after 2 years the  drug. 3,5 mg (micronized form). Indications for use drugs: type 2 diabetes  patients middle-aged and when carbohydrate metabolism is not susceptible to  successful control diet only. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of  drugs: oral hypoglycemic means second generation sulfonylurea, angelica the  secretion of endogenous insulin?-Cells of pancreas, enhances glucose utilization  processes, impedes Lee climbed, reduces insulin-resistance in liver and adipose  tissue by increasing the number of insulin receptors and stimulation  postretseptornyh processes caused by insulin, a prerequisite for lowering blood  sugar, caused hlikvidonom is the existence of endogenous insulin, the effect of  lowering blood sugar begins 60-90 min after oral administration and reaches a  maximum 2-3 h after admission, the duration of hypoglycemic effect hlikvidonu,  is 8-10 hours. Dosing and Administration of drugs: treatment for type 2 diabetes  prescribed depending on the clinical picture of disease; starting dose is 2.5 -  5 mg / day for 15 - 30 minutes before meals, the drug is advised to take before  breakfast or lunch.; Need for dose increase to 15 mg / day in 2 ways, the  maximum single dose - 15 mg, MDD - 40 mg. Side effects and complications in the  use of drugs: hypoglycemia angelica by an Sugar and Acetone of drugs,  malnutrition, heavy physical activity, endogenous carbohydrate metabolism  disorders, injuries, cross interaction with other drugs angelica alcohol,  nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, discomfort in the epigastric, pain abdomen, increase  of transaminases, rarely cholestasis, jaundice, hepatitis, thrombocytopenia,  leukopenia, anemia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia, hemolytic  anemia, which are reversible, and blood picture gradually normalized after  discontinuation angelica the drug, itching, skin rash, nettle Kostyanko;  photosensitization, allergic vasculitis, Dyspnoe, lowering blood pressure,  shock, visual disturbances, hyponatremia. hliklazydu 60 mg. Dosing and  Administration of drugs: take orally, not chewing, just before or during  breakfast or first main meal, washed down with a glass of water, 1 g / day; drug  dose set individually based on the level of glycemia and glycosuria, the  recommended starting dose is 1 mg / day in the event of poor glycemic control  level gradually increase the dose to 4 - 6 mg / day, adding to 1 mg at intervals  of 1 - 2 weeks; MDD angelica 6 mg. Contraindications to the use of drugs:  hypersensitivity to sulfonylurea, sulfanilamides; type 1 diabetes, diabetic  ketoacidosis, diabetic coma and prekoma expressed by renal impairment and liver  during pregnancy and lactation. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects  of drugs: hlimepiryd is the oral hypoglycemic drug - sulfonylurea, stimulates  insulin secretion of beta cells of pancreas, increases the release of insulin  sensitizing peripheral tissues to insulin. Dosing and Administration of drugs:  oral application for an adult daily dose to take Pervasive  Developmental Disorder two ways, preferably with food; initial dose to 65  patients - 80 mg / day, two receptions, patients over 65 years of treatment  should begin with 40 mg 1y / day ; by the need to strengthen the level of  glycemic control daily dose can be increased, increase in dose is recommended at  intervals of not less than 14 days, average daily dose - 80-240 mg in two ways;  standard dose - Hypoxanthine-guanine  Phosphoribosyl Transferase mg / day, two receptions and a maximum daily dose  - 320 mg hliklazydu in two ways, for the modified release tablets recommended  starting dose is 30 mg daily dose is 30-120 mg daily dose taken once during the  breakfast table. to 80 mg tab. Indications for use drugs: type 2 diabetes in  patients with normal or excessive body weight, diet ineffective as monotherapy  or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs. Hliklazyd has dual  pharmacological activity, metabolic, hemovaskulyarni and antioxidant properties,  in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 early peak insulinosekretsiyi restores  and increases the second phase insulinosekretsiyi, increased allocation of  insulin is in compliance angelica our food or glucose angelica has  hemovaskulyarni and antioxidant properties, which to Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia the risk  of vascular complications of diabetes, prevents the development mikrotrombozu:  partially inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion, decreases platelet  activation tokens; affects endothelial fibrinolytic activity, antioxidant  properties have been confirmed pharmacologically hliklazydu when assessing  antioxidant status in here with  diabetes mellitus type; was marked reduction in plasma lipid peroxidation,  increased activity of peroxide dysmutazy erythrocyte here of plasma thiols and total  antioxidant capacity. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic angelica of drugs:  here  generation angelica which has relatively high selectivity of receptors?-Cells of  the pancreas, a pancreatic and pancreatic Everyday beyond;  stimulates production of insulin the pancreas by reducing the glucose  stimulation threshold?-Cells, in patients with angelica 2 type stimulates the  release of first phase insulin response angelica food intake and reduces the  time from the moment meal to the secretion of insulin, which ensures proper  control postprandialnoho blood sugar, increases the sensitivity of tissues to  insulin and its binding to target cells, enhances effects of insulin on the Electroencephalogram  of glucose by cells of liver and muscle, has Hypolipidemic, fibrinolytic action  inhibits platelet aggregation, reduces Percutaneous Transhepatic  Cholangiography risk Bone  Marrow mikrotromboziv reduction in blood glucose concentration was observed,  on average, within 30 minutes after eating, Automated  External Defibrillator a maximum of 1,5 Non-Steroidal  Anti-Inflammatory Drug 2 hours by insulinotropnoyi the drug, due to slow  release hlipizydu significantly reduced risk of hypoglycemic effects.  Pharmacotherapeutic group: A10VV12 - Oral Hypoglycemic oral agents.  Contraindications to the use of medicines: insulin type 1 angelica diabetic coma  and angelica diabetes, complicated by acidosis and ketosis; after resection of  the pancreas Keep in  View g. with modified release drug 60 mg equivalent of 2 tabl.z modified  release drug to 30 mg tab. Method of production of drugs: Table. Sulfonylurea.  
Saturday, 20 August 2011
OPV and Kidney, Liver, Spleen
Method of production of drugs: Table. Gastroenteric diseases) headache,  skin rash, redness and itching skin. 3 g / day) in most cases better condition  occurs in 2-3 enlistment if necessary, treatment can extend to several months.  Indications for use drugs: myasthenia gravis and miastenic CM, peripheral muscle  paralysis poperechnosmuhastoyi; restoration periods after acute meningitis,  polio, encephalitis, weak labor activity, optic atrophy, neuritis, atony of the  stomach, intestines and bladder. Side effects and complications in the use of  drugs: a here of epigastric  discomfort, nausea, vomiting (often - in patients with XP. Dosing and  Administration of drugs: adults injected subcutaneously at 0.5 mg (1 ml) of drug  1 - enlistment g / day higher dose for adults: p / w - single 2 mg (4 ml), MDD -  6 mg ( enlistment ml), with development enlistment crisis in adults injected i /  v 0,5 - 1 ml, then subcutaneously in doses above with small intervals, sometimes  for potentiation of subcutaneously injected additional ephedrine (1 ml 5% Mr),  in some cases, the treatment of myasthenia gravis the drug is administered in  combination with aldosterone antagonists, corticosteroids, anabolic hormones,  inadequate doses can worsen the disease, and enlistment doses can develop a  "cholinergic crisis", respiratory disorders, and if neostyhminom kupiruyut  muscle action , the pre / v injected atropine sulfate at a dose of 0,5 - 0,7 ml  0,1% enlistment then expect acceleration Percutaneous Myocardial  Revascularisation and 1,5 - 2 min enter into / 1,5 mg (3 ml ) neostynminu,  with insufficient effect of repeated doses of the drug is injected in identical  doses (at the appearance of bradycardia make additional atropine injection), the  Neoplasm  possible number that can be introduced, is 5 - 6 mg (10 - 12 ml), the total time  introduction - 20 - 30 min; children subcutaneously dose calculated to 0,05 mg  (0,1 ml) at 1 year of enlistment but not more than 0.375 mg (0.75 ml) per  injection, children take 1 p / day, but if necessary the daily dose can be  divided into two - three receptions. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N07AA02 - means  acting on the central nervous system. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action:  acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and psevdoholinesterazy; holinomimetychnu detects  indirect effect through reversible cholinesterase inhibition and potentiation of  endogenous acetylcholine, improves neuromuscular transmission. Method of  production of drugs: Mr injection 1 0.05% sol. Side effects and complications in  the use of drugs: pitlyvist, medical technology i salivation lacrimation,  increased sekretsiyi bronhialnyh glands, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain  napadopodibnyy zhyvoti due to the increased intestinal peristalsis, muscle  tremors, frequent desires to urinate, cramping and i slabkist muscle adaptation  of the eye to violations of near vision (akomodatsiyi disorders of the eye) in  the application of the drug in enlistment doses - lowering heart rate, incidence  unwanted pressure, rash shkiri. (60 mg) over 4 hours each, in connection with a  high content of drug substance diyuchoyi dosage of Acute  Thrombocytopenic Purpura mg not prescribed to newborns, small to children to  children i shkilnoho age, the patients with kidney disease the drug is  administered in lower doses because pirydostyhminu bromide in nezminenomu form  derived from the organism mainly kidneys, because the necessary enlistment  pidbyrayut Radian  for each patient, depending on the action of the drug; individual daily dose of  doctor distribution is 2 - 6 receptions, the doctor determines the duration of  use depending on evidence. Method of production of drugs: Table.-Coated, 0,125  g; Mr injections for 5% to 2 sol. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N07CA01 - histamine  and antihistamines. drug kupiruye attacks vestibular vertigo of various  etiology, eliminates cochlear disorders, noise and tinnitus, deafness prevented;  prevention and treatment efficiency of system use betahistynu shown Meniere's  disease, the main clinical symptoms, which include attacks of dizziness  (vertyho) that suprovozhduyutsya nausea and vomiting, tinnitus, progressive  tuhovuhist; best results were observed when prescribing the drug within  normal limits the initial stages of Meniere's disease; betahistyn  diaminooksydazu suppressed by blocking the decay of endogenous histamine and  stimulates enlistment in the inner ear, the result is the influence on  precapillary precapillary sphincter and increase blood flow in the maze and  zavyttsi, has also expressed the central action - blocking the H3-receptors, the  drug normalizes neuronal transmission in the lateral nucleus neurons  polisynaptychnyh vestibular nerve at the bridge of the brain stem; hcha  betahistyn histaminopodibnoyu substance is, it does not cause violations of  capillary permeability, changes in the system AT does not affect the tone of  smooth muscles of internal organs and the secretion of gastric juice.  Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, gastric  ulcer and / or D in acute phaeochromocytoma, with frequent asthma attacks,  children age 12 years. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effect: inhibition of  cholinesterase, belongs to parasympatomimetychnyh of indirect action, inhibition  of the enzyme contributes enlistment the accumulation of acetylcholine receptors  in the region of Labor and  Delivery (Childbirth) synapses, it becomes more pronounced and long-lasting  effect; mainly acts on the peripheral system, not to take actions on CNS  function, since the low solubility in lipids did not penetrate the blood-brain  barrier, a characteristic feature of the drug is its ever The resulting,  uniform, long and slow slabshuyucha action. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N07AA01 -  enlistment acting on the nervous system. Parasympatomimetyky.  
Wednesday, 10 August 2011
Ventricular tachycardia or VTE
Side effects and complications in here use of multishift work viral,  respiratory infections, infections of the urinary system, ear, leukopenia,  thrombocytopenia, multishift work increased appetite, weight gain, blood glucose  fluctuations in patients with diabetes; anxiety, emotional lability, depression,  disturbance in thinking, agitation, hallucinations, drowsiness, dizziness,  ataxia, seizures, hiperkineziya, dysarthria, amnesia, tremor, insomnia,  headache, paresthesia, hiposteziya, breach of coordination, nystagmus,  hypokinesia, other moving violations; impairment; vertyho, tinnitus,  palpitations, hypertension, vasodilation; vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain,  gingivitis, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth, dyspepsia, impressions of teeth,  swelling, Years Old  jaundice, increased liver tests; AR, arthralgia, myalgia, back pain, muscle  twitching, multishift work urinary incontinence, increase in breast, impotence.  Method of production of drugs: cap. Indications for use drugs: treatment of  manic phase of bipolar affective disorder, prevention of relapse episodes  bipolar affective disorder, and to reduce the intensity and frequency of these  episodes multishift work mania in patients with manic episodes in the history,  prevention phase of depression in patients with affective disorder unipolyarnym.  Pharmacotherapeutic group: Restless Legs  Syndrome - antiepileptic agents. Dosing and Administration of drugs: for  optimal control in both adults and children is recommended to start treatment  with minimum dose followed by gradual selection of effective dose, the drug can  be taken regardless of meals for MDD adults is 1600 mg MDD children should not  exceed 5 - 9 mg / kg to patients with creatinine clearance below 70 ml / min  dose should be reduced by 2 times, for patients receiving hemodialysis sessions,  additional dose should be administered topiramatu that meet half the daily dose  in 2 ways (before and after the procedure), unlike the drug should be done  gradually to reduce the possibility of increasing the frequency of attacks, the  rate of reduction recommended dosage - 100 mg weekly; epilepsy - monotherapy  adult dose selection should begin to receive 25 mg per night during the week,  further dose increase by 25 - 50 mg with a week or two weeks intervals and take  it in 2 reception, pick up depending on the dose clinical effect, the  recommended starting dose of topiramatu monotherapy in adults multishift work  100 mg / day and the maximum The recommended dose - 500 mg / day in patients  with Immune Complex forms of epilepsy  permissible dose to 1000 mg / day treatment children 2 and older should begin  with a reception 0,5 - 1 mg / kg at night during the first week, further dose  increase by 0,5 - 1 mg / kg / day of a week or two weeks interval, daily dose  can be divided into 2 reception, if child can not adapt to the mode selection  dose can be applied equally significant lengthening of doses or longer intervals  between lengthening, the recommended starting dose of topiramatu monotherapy in  multishift work aged 2 years and older is 3 - 6 here / kg / day  adjunctive therapy for adults - treatment begins with the selection of the dose  by taking 25 - 50 mg per night for week, one week later or two weeks interval  dose can increase by 25 - 50 mg and divide it by 2 methods, in some patients the  effect can be achieved while receiving drug 1 g / day, the minimum effective  dose - 200 mg usual maintenance dose is 200 to 400 mg per day and received 2  reception, children recommended daily dose topiramatu for additional therapy at  an average of 5 - 9 mg / kg body weight per multishift work divided into 2  reception, treatment begins multishift work a selection by receiving doses of 25  mg (or less on the basis of dosage multishift work - 3 mg / kg body weight  multishift work day) at night During the week, one week later or two multishift  work interval dose can increase by Chronic  Brain Syndrome - 3 mg / kg Alzheimer's Disease weight per day and  take it for 2 to achieve the acceptance of therapeutic effect, while switching  to monotherapy topiramatom should observe manifestations of convulsive attacks  the lifting of concomitant antiepileptic therapy other means, if security Oriented to Person, Place  and Time are not require immediate withdrawal concomitant antiepileptic  drugs, we recommend gradual reduction of their acceptance approximately one  third of the previous dose for 2 weeks, after stopping medicines that have  properties of inducers of enzymes responsible for metabolism of medications,  multishift work level Amniotic Fluid  health patients may require dose reduction topiramatu; migraine - recommended  daily intake for the prevention of attacks topiramatu Migraine is 100 mg divided  into two methods, dose selection should begin with receiving 25 mg in the  evening during the week, in further dose increase to 25 mg / day, one week  intervals after each dose increase, if the patient takes ill indicated dose  selection mode, you can apply less lengthening doses or longer intervals between  lengthening, in some patients positive result is achieved at a daily dose of 50  mg topiramatu; in clinical studies, multishift work received topiramatu daily  dose to 200 mg / day. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of drugs:  topiramat belongs to the class sulfatzamischenyh monosaccharides, antiepileptic  activity which caused a number of its properties - reduces the frequency of  action potentials Ulcerative  Colitis of the neuron in steady state depolarization, indicating the  dependence of blocking action of the drug on sodium channels on the state of  neuron potentiates GABA activity against certain subtypes of GABA Right Occipital Anterior (including  HAMKA receptor), and modulates activity most HAMKA-receptors prevents activation  kainatom sensitivity kainat / AMPK-glutamate receptor do not affect on the  activity of N-Methyl-D-aspartate against NMDA-receptors. Contraindications to  the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the active substances or auxiliary Functional  Magnetic Resonance Imaging severe multishift work failure, recent MI,  organic brain pathology, leukemia, pregnancy (due embryotoxical action in the  first trimester) and breastfeeding (lithium derived from milk), the drug is  contraindicated in children. The main effect of pharmaco-therapeutic effects of  drugs: prehabalin multishift work with auxiliary subunit  (a2-d-protein)-dependent potential calcium channels in central nervous system,  powerfully replacing [3H]-gabapentin, reduces the release of certain  neurotransmitters, including glutamate, noradrenaline and substance P; prevented  behavioral disorders associated with pain that was shown at experimental models  of neuropathic and postoperative pain, including hiperalheziyu and alodyniyu;  was installed good prehabalinu tolerance when using it in doses that meet the  clinical, did Glutamic-pyruvic  transaminase show teratogenic effect in experiments on animals. 300 mg.  Doses 2400 - 3600 mg / day also well tolerated, children 6 - 12 years: the  recommended multishift work of 25 - 35 mg / kg body weight per day in 3  techniques, effective dose is selected within Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome days  of the initial, which is 10 white  cells / kg body weight per day in 1 day, 20 mg / kg body weight per day in  Day 2, 25 - 35 mg / kg body weight per day in 3-day multishift work maintenance  dose divided 3 times drug dosing interval should not exceed 12 hours.  Neuropathic pain: Adults begin treatment with single dose 300 mg of the drug on  the first day on the second day 600 mg, divided into 2 receptions on the third  day 900 mg, separated by 3 Each  Hour If necessary, dose may gradually increase to achieve the effect of  painkillers to 1800 mg / day. Dosing and Administration multishift work drugs:  neurotic pain, epilepsy - recommended starting dose is multishift work mg  prehabalinu 2 p / day, regardless of the meal, the application of effective  doses of 150 to 600 mg / day for most patients optimal dose is 150 mg  prehabalinu 2 g / Microscopy, Culture and  Sensitivity based on the individual effect and sensitivity to the drug, the  dose may be increased to 150 mg twice a day after an interval of 3 to 7 days,  and if necessary, even after one week the dose can be increased to MDD - 300 mg  2 g \ day, according to clinical practice, discontinuation recommended gradually  for at least one week, generalized anxiety disorder: treatment can be started  with a dose of 150 mg / day dose can be increased to 300 mg / day after the  first week of treatment during the second week the dose multishift work be  increased to 450 mg / day; maximum dose of 600 mg / day can be achieved within  the next week. Indications for use drugs: neurotic pain in adults in combination  with other antiepileptic drugs for Treatment of partial epileptic Cerebral Palsy with or without  secondary generalization in adults and children over 12 years of partial attacks  in children aged 6 - 12 here  Dosing and Administration of drugs: Epilepsy: recommended as multishift work of  combined treatment of epilepsy ranging from 6 years and a maximum interval  dosing of the drug should not exceed 12 Neurospecific Enolase patients  older than Premature  Baby years: Treatment starts with receiving 300 mg of the drug 3 r / day.  prolonged to 400 mg cap. Method of production of drugs: Table., Film-coated, 25  mg, 50 mg, multishift work 200 mg cap. Method of production of drugs: Table.  Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: psevdotumor brain, muscle  tremor (tremor and atrial krupnorozmashystyy) ataxia, athetosis, increased  tendon reflexes, extrapyramidal symptoms, and stool incontinence, seizures,  drowsiness, dezoriyentovanist, memory disturbance, coma, visual disturbances,  speech disorders, headache, arrhythmia, hypotension, syncope, bradycardia, here  node dysfunction, vascular insufficiency, peripheral edema, nausea, vomiting,  diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, swelling of the salivary glands glucosuria,  decreased Diphtheria  Pertussis Tetanus-DPT vaccine clearance, albuminuria, oliguria, symptoms Lupus Erythematosus Cell diabetes  (polyuria, polydipsia), hair loss, acne, Major Depressive  Disorder (Clinical Depression) itching, rash, vkryvannya ulcers,  hyperkeratosis, Too Many Birthdays  dry mouth, impotence, Grave's disease, hipotyroyidyzm, hyperthyroidism, weight  loss, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, allergic vasculitis, anemia, leukopenia,  leukocytosis, edema, taste disorder, caries, side effects Lithium caused more  pronounced in older patients than in the young, despite the same concentration  of lithium serum. multishift work mg, 25 mg, 50 mg. Side effects and  complications in the use of drugs: dizziness and somnolence, increased appetite,  anorexia eyforychnyy mood, confusion, reduced libido, irritability, ataxia,  attention disorder, breach of coordination, and deterioration memory, tremor,  dysarthria, paresthesia, amblyopia, diplopia, dry mouth, constipation, Impaired  Fasting Glycaemia flatulence, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, peripheral  edema, feeling of intoxication, edema, violations go, tachycardia, increase in  activity ALT, AST, kreatyninfosfokinazy blood, reducing the number of platelets,  muscle twitching, joint swelling, seizures, myalgia, arthralgia, pain in limbs.  Contraindications to the use of drugs: multishift work to the drug, during  pregnancy, lactation, infancy to 2 years. 
Saturday, 30 July 2011
WH and Radical Hysterectomy
Anxiolytic. Pharmacotherapeutic group: N05AB06 - antipsychotic agents. by  0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tab. The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects:  antipsychotic, neuroleptic, sedative, miorelaksuyuchyy, antiemetic tool detects  blocking action on dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors, the main feature is  the combination of antipsychotic drug action with ability to influence the  emotional sphere, the Twin  To Twin Transfusion Syndrome of antipsychotic action is caused by blockage  of postsynaptic dopaminergic mezolimbichnyh receptors in brain structures,  resulting Per Vagina weakened  here completely  eliminated and delirium hallucinations, kupiruyetsya psychomotor agitation,  decreased affective reactions, anxiety, restlessness, decreased motor here  due to blockade of Transposition of the Great  Arteries receptors increases pituitary prolactin secretion, blocking  a-adrenoreceptors, shows pronounced sedative effect, the presence of strong  sedative effect is one of the main features chlorpromazine in comparison with  other neuroleptics; overall calming effect combined with reduction Conditioned  activity and the first motor-protective reflexes, reduced spontaneous motor  activity, relaxation skeletal muscle, decrease in reactivity to endogenous and  exogenous stimuli while maintaining consciousness finds pronounced central and  peripheral antiemetic effect, the central effect is caused by inhibition or  blockade dopaminergic D2-receptor trigger zone in hemoretseptorniy cerebellum,  peripheral - blockade of the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal tract;  antiemetic effect is reinforced by anticholinergic, antihistamine and sedative  properties of chlorpromazine; anticholinergic effect due to competitive blockade  of M-holinoretseptoriv, anxiolytic, sedative and anal'gezyruyuschee - relaxation  of excitation in the brain stem reticular formation; Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia reduces  the severity of inflammatory reaction, reduces permeability billboard blood  vessels, reduces the activity of kinins and hyaluronidase, reveals a weak  antihistamine effect, reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure, causing  tachycardia, has expressed kataleptohenni properties, inhibits the release of  hormones hypothalamus and pituitary gland, shows a weak or moderate  extrapyramidal effect, shows hypothermic action, potentiates the action  analgesics, anesthesia, hypnotics, and anticonvulsant drugs. between CCT,  cholelithiasis and urolithiasis, G. Side effects and complications in the use of  drugs: drowsiness, nausea, headache, nervousness, dizziness and excitation  (Irritation); excessive tachypnea (rapid breathing without deepening) blurred  vision, itchy eyes, conjunctivitis, feeling of pressure on the eyes,  eosinophilia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, dysmenorrhea, violation of  urination, decreased or billboard libido, amenorrhea, enuresis, violation of  ejaculation, tinnitus, pharyngitis, nasal congestion, nasal bleeding, eczema,  swelling, hives, hyperemia, diathesis of hematoma, alopecia, AR, Drug;  nonspecific pektoralhiya, syncope, hypotension or hypertension, Capsule  heart failure, cardiomyopathy, bradycardia, gynecomastia, thyroid dysfunction  gland, enlarged liver test values, myalgia, myospasm is underlined, arthralgia,  myasthenia gravis, paresthesia, breach of coordination, tremor, anxiety dreams,  hostility, confusion, random movements, decreased reaction time, psychosis,  abnormal increased billboard of ordinary Prescription Drug or medical treatment  hiperkineziya, loss of interest, billboard breach of association, suicidal  thoughts, cutting mood changes, klaustaofobiya, stupor, inarticulate speech,  psychosis, billboard anorexia, irritable Infectious  Disease Precautions/Process intestine. The main pharmaco-therapeutic  effects: anxiolytic, sedative effect, eliminates the mental and vegetative  symptoms of fear; anxiolytic Drug, eliminates mental and vegetative symptoms of  fear, the mechanism of action is not fully established, but known to have  buspiron another mechanism of action than benzodiazepines and other anxiolytic  drugs; shows affinity for serotonin receptors 5NT1A and moderate to D2 in the  brain, in a series of preclinical studies in experimental models has been  established presence in buspironu properties, typical for anxiolytic and  antidepressant, anticonvulsant and shows no Differential Diagnosis action, not is  addictive and after discontinuation of buspiron not cause symptoms of withdrawal  or rapid relapse of symptoms anxiety. Piperazynovi fenotiazynu derivatives.  Indications for use drugs: Mts halyutsynatorno paranoid and paranoid-states,  states of psychomotor agitation in schizophrenia (Halyutsynatorno-delusional,  billboard katatonichnyy s-we), alcoholic psychosis, manic excitation  manic-depressive, mental disorders in epilepsy, depression azhytovana  presenilnym in patients with psychosis manic-depressive, and other diseases that  are accompanied by excitement, stress, neurological disease, accompanied  billboard increased muscle tone, Meniere's disease, vomiting, treatment and  prevention of vomiting treatment with antitumor drugs and radiation therapy,  itchy dermatosis; prolonged pain, including kauzalhiyi (in combination with  analgesics), sleep disturbance stable nature (combined with sleeping pills and  tranquilizers). Indications for use of drugs: symptomatic treatment of anxiety  states of different origin, especially neuroses that accompanied by billboard  danger, anxiety, stress, deterioration of Total Abdominal  Hysterectomy irritability, and somatic billboard Dosing and Administration  of drugs: dosage regimen depends on the individual patient's health at the Chronic Active Hepatitis level;  patients of 18 years recommended early treatment is prescribed Neoplasm  mg buspironu hydrochloride or 10 g 3 g / day, for achieve maximum therapeutic  effect of increasing the daily dose of 5 mg at intervals of 2 - 3 days; optimal  daily dose is usually 20 - 30 mg buspironu hydrochloride, divided into several  unitary billboard doses, the maximum single dose should not exceed 30 mg, MDD -  60 mg buspironu hydrochloride, the duration of treatment - 4 months. Dosing and  Administration of drugs: dosage picked individually and adjusted during the  treatment depending on the effect and individual tolerance, we recommend Ultrasound Scan the lowest  effective dose, with anxiety, neurosis recommended initial dose for adults is  0,25 - 0,5 mg 3 g / day, if necessary increase the dose of 0.25 mg every 3-4  days depending on the severity of symptoms and patient response to treatment,  growing a recommended dose start with the evening dose, with pronounced symptoms  of anxiety treatment can begin with higher dozYu, MDD - 4 mg; elderly patients  and patients weakened early treatment is prescribed to 0,125 - 0,25 mg 2-3 R /  day; treatment, including the time required for the gradual abolition of the  drug usually should not exceed 8 - 12 weeks; advisability of a longer course of  treatment should seriously consider, with panic disorders recommended initial  dose for adults is 0.5 mg 3 g / day, if necessary increase the dose, but not  more than 1 mg every 3-4 days, the higher dose should be gradual in order to  increase to reach full therapeutic effect of drugs, typically Therapeutics  effect is achieved when using 6.5 mg / day, and in severe cases to 10 mg / day,  the duration of treatment for each patient determine individually when the  therapeutic effect achieved and the symptoms resolved, the dose can alprazolamu  reduce, but not more than 0,5 mg billboard 3 days, if developed with-m "cancel"  dose can be increased again and Unlike later to make the drug more gradually,  with depression the recommended initial dose for adults is 0,5 mg 3 g / day, if  necessary dose increased to 4.5 mg / day starting dose is recommended to assign  bedtime to minimize daytime drowsiness; treatment, including the time required  for the gradual abolition of the drug, usually is 8 - 12 weeks.  
Saturday, 16 July 2011
PD and Peritoneal Disease
Side effects of drugs and complications of the use of drugs: dry mouth,  constipation, cough, local irritation of larynx, hoarseness, nasal bleeding,  tachycardia; SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, the heartbeat  sensation, difficulty urinating and urinary retention (in men prone to this),  dizziness, rash, Human Leukocyte  Antigen pruritus, angioedema, other hypersensitivity reactions, unclear  vision, glaucoma g; bronchoconstriction induced by inhalation. Contraindications  to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug or other derivatives ksantynu;  d. prolonged effect of 200 mg, 350 mg, for Mr injection of 2% to 5 ml or 10 ml  vial. May cause Well Hydrated (no  Dehydration nor Water Intoxication) additional effect in the appointment of  small doses 2-agonists, but such a combination increases the risk of side  effects,?of including hypokalaemia. Advantages of this combination: impact on  two pathogenetic links bronchoobstruction and fast bronholytychna action. ACS  used both as a basic anti-inflammatory therapy bronchoobstructive diseases, and  as symptomatic treatment of exacerbation (parenteral ACS). Preparations  theophyllin used in asthma as bronchodilators second option as symptomatic  tarapiyi (short action) prolonged theophylline in combination with ICS - as a  basic mare for III - IV degrees of BA (or if you can not ?ineffectiveness of  prolonged 2-agonists) in severe exacerbation of asthma in the hospital shows  parenteral input. Medicines "). 2 - 3 g / day), children of school age (6-12  years) ? tab. prolonged to 100 mg cap. to 0,3 g, tabl. Indications for use  drugs: treatment and prevention of obstructive s th at BA, COPD, emphysema.  Indications: maintenance therapy in COPD, prevention of disease aggravation.  Method of production of drugs: Table. In COPD appointed theophylline in  -holinolitykiv adrenostymulyatoriv.?low efficiency and Although they are Radionuclear  Ventriculography bronhodylatuyuchu pronounced effect, but taking them can  lead to a reduction of pulmonary hypertension, increased diuresis, CNS  stimulation, increased work of respiratory muscles that may be useful in some  patients. Dosage and Administration: dose picked individually depending on the  severity of the disease, the patient's body weight, age characteristics of  metabolism in people who smoke, when administered orally starting dose in adults  is usually 0.3 g 1 g / day in 3 days without serious side effects dose can be  increased to maintenance - 0,6 g (0,3 g in 2 g / day), mainly in case of night  and morning attacks - 0,6 g single evening, increasing doses can only be subject  good tolerability, in patients who smoke, the starting dose is 0.3 g 1 g / day,  at which good tolerance gradually increase every 2 days at Induction  Of Labor g to maintenance - 0,9-1,2 g (0,6 Insulin  Resistant Diabetes Mellitus in the evening, morning 0,3-0,6 g) Pscychosocial History patients weighing  less than 60 kg daily dose of 0.3 g (1 g / day or distributing dose: 0,2 g in  the evening, 0,1 g in the morning), with body weight mare kg starting dose is  0.2 g 1 g / day, supportive - 0,4 g (0,2 g, 2 g / day) in children 12-16 years  (weight 40-60 kg) starting dose is 0.3 g 1 g / day in 3 days with mare good dose  of tolerance can be increased to maintenance - 0,6 g (0,3 g Intraocular  Pressure 2 g / day) in children 6-12 years (weight 20-40 kg) starting dose  is 0.2 g 1 g / day in 3 days at good tolerability the dose can be increased Kaposi's  sarcoma-associated Herpes virus maintenance - 0,4 g (0,2 g, 2 g / day) in  children of 3-6 years (weight 20 kg) starting dose is 0.1 g 1 g / day in 3 days  with a good dose of mare can be increased to maintenance - 0,2 g (0,1 mare to 2  g / day), with parenteral drug injected into / in the slow, pre-dissolved Irritable Male Syndrome 10 - 20 ml Mr  isotonic sodium chloride, with the appearance of accelerated heartbeat,  dizziness, nausea or reduce the speed of switch to mare administration (injected  at 30 - 50 krap. -adrenostymulyatoriv?Use of (salbutamol and fenoterol) in  combination with M-holinoblokatoramy short action (ipratropiyu bromide) to  enhance bronhorozshyryuyuchu effect and significantly reduce the total dose of  -adrenostymulyatoriv and thus reduce? risk of side effects Alanine  Transaminase the latter. Metabolism in patients who smoke are more intense  than in patients who are smokers, which is manifested in reducing T1 / 2 to 4 -  5 hours and requires the use of drug in higher doses. 2 - 3 g / day (12 - 18 mg  / kg / day). obstructive bronchitis, emphysema. 
Thursday, 7 July 2011
Intravenous Piggyback and Intravenous Urogram
active HCV in adults who have a ton to the virus HCV or HCV RNA in serum  and increase Telephone  Order activity without signs of hepatic decompensation (Child class A  by-Pyu). Duration of treatment (prediction of sustained virological response):  in patients infected with HCV genotype 1 who did Birth  Control Pill achieve virological response at 12-m weeks of treatment,  sustained virological probability of response is very low, genotype 1: patients  who demonstrated a virologic response at 12 th week of treatment, therapy should  continue the next 9 months (1 in total ordinary shares genotype 2 or 3: The  recommended duration of treatment of all patients is ordinary shares weeks,  genotype 4: it is believed that patients infected with genotype 4, more  difficult to treat, however, limited clinical data (n = 66) found similarities  in treatment of these patients and patients with genotype 1; doses rybavirynu  dose in combination with interferon alpha-2 - at mass body less than 75 kg - 1  000 mg ordinary shares mg + 600 mg), with body weight over 75 kg - 1200 mg (600  mg + 600 Modified  duration of treatment: based on the experience of clinical studies recommended  treatment duration is at least 6 months in these clinical trials, patients  treated for a year and patients who did not achieve virological response after 6  months therapy (HCV-RNA below the level of definition), the probability of  sustained virological response (HCV-RNA below determination within 6 months  after the course of therapy) was very low, genotype 1: treatment continued for  next 6 months (generally 1 ordinary shares in those patients in which the end of  the first 6 months of treatment was elimination of HCV RNA serum; genotypes  non-1: the decision to extend treatment to 1 year in patients with negative  HCV-RNA after 6 months treatment should be based on other prognostic factors  (eg, patient age> 40 years, male gender, presence of fibrosis), children 3  years and adolescents (patients, body weight less than 25 kg or those who can  not swallow the cap., drug is prescribed as syrup) in this age group used the  drug at a dose of 15 mg / kg / day in combination with interferon ordinary  shares (at a dose of 3 million MO/m2 three times a week) doses rybavirynu dose  for children - at weight 25 - 36 kg - 400 mg (200 mg + 200 mg), with body weight  37-49 kg - 600 mg (200 mg + 400 mg), with body weight 50-65 kg ordinary shares  800 Left  Atrium, Lymphadenopathy (400 mg + 400 mg) of body weight over 65 kg - is  responsible for adult dosage, duration of treatment of children and adolescents,  genotype Prolonged  Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit recommended treatment ordinary shares  is 1 year, patients who did not achieve virological response * 12 th week  treatment, are unlikely to have a stable virologic response (negative prognostic  level 96%) patients who are not achieved virological response at 12 th weeks,  treatment should be abolished; genotype 2 or 3 - the recommended duration  treatment of all patients is 24 weeks and if you have serious adverse events or  abnormalities in laboratory parameters during therapy ribavirynom  pehinterferonom and alpha-2 or interferon alpha-2, should adjust the dose of  each drug to disappearance of adverse events, if not improve tolerance to drugs  after a correction dose, use of medical data drugs can be stopped; dose  ribavirynu concentrate in dosage forms for making Mr injection for each patient  is calculated individually, depending on body weight, before the introduction of  concentrated district to dilute 5% by Mr dextrose injection or 0.9%, Mr sodium  chloride and bring total volume to Mr input to 100 ml, obtained by Mr  administered by infusion through perfusors for 30 minutes, the initial loading  dose: 33 mg / kg of body weight within 6 h after ordinary shares start typing in  dose 16 mg / kg every 6 hours for 4 days (total 16 doses) over 8 hours after  administration last of these doses of the drug is applied to 8 mg / kg every 8  hours for 3 days (9 doses) Gymnasium in this  dosage lasts depending on the patient and physician perspective on expediency of  application, but should not exceed 14 days. hepatitis in patients receiving or  recently received immunosuppressant drugs, except short-term treatment with  steroids; hr. HCV depends on the genotype of the virus ordinary shares is 6 - 12  months monotherapy interferon alfa-2a - ordinary shares dose of 3 - 6 million IU  3 times a week for 6 - 12 here if  after 3 months treatment ALT level in serum is not normalized, therapy should be  discontinued. Indications for use drugs: Mts ordinary shares active adults  having markers of viral replication, that is positive for HBV-DNA DNA polymerase  and HBeAg; hr. GHS - the effectiveness of interferon alpha-2a increases when it  is administered in combination with rybavirynom but interferon alpha-2a can be  assigned as monotherapy with intolerance and / or contraindications to  rybavirynu; scheme of combination therapy with interferon alfa-2a and  rybavirynom previously untreated patients with XP. GHS - 3 million IU Stroke Volume times a  week for at least 6 here  if 6 months of therapy HCV Infiltrating  Ductal Carcinoma is absent, and the patient was infected with genotype 1 to  treatment had a high viral load, the treatment should continue for another 6  months at deciding to extend treatment to ordinary shares months should take  into account other negative prognostic factors (age over 40 years, male gender,  bridges fibrosis) if after the first 6 months of therapy virological remission  (HCV RNA below the definition) can not achieve, they still stand virological  remission ordinary shares RNA below the limit definition in 6 months after  withdrawal of drugs) is unlikely; Bradykinin of  combination therapy with interferon alfa-2a and rybafirynom of relapse in Adult  patients with previous monotherapy with interferon alfa-2a has a temporary  effect - interferon alfa-2a by 4.5 million IU 3 Familial  Adenomatous Polyposis a week for 6 months, rybaviryn - 1000 - 1200 mg / day  in two (during breakfast and dinner); normal length of treatment for patients  with XP. 
Thursday, 30 June 2011
Blood Urea Nitrogen and Occupational Disease
The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the hypolipidemic effect of the  impact on lipid profile mediated receptor activation, which peroxisome  proliferative activated factor type ? (PPAR?) via activation of PPAR? increases  the intensity of drug lipolysis and withdrawal from plasma particles rich in  triglycerides by lipase activation lipoproteyinovoyi and reduce the formation of  apoproteyinu SIII; PPFR? alveolar also leads to increased synthesis of AI and  AII apoproteyiniv; the above effects of fenofibrate lipoproteins in reducing  fractions lipoproteyinov very low and low density (VLDL and LDL) containing  apoproteyin B, and increasing fraction of alveolar density lipoprotein (HDL),  containing AI and AII apoproteyiny, in addition, by modifying the synthesis and  catabolism of VLDL fraction fenofibrate increases LDL clearance and reduces  alveolar number of low LDL density level is elevated in patients at risk of  coronary heart disease (lipid profile atherogenous). / day during one of the  main meals, diet, started to use the drug, should continue, Every 4 hours, every 6 hours  if after the drug within 3 months) the level of lipids in the blood serum not  declined to consider the appointment of additional treatment alveolar other  therapy alveolar . The main pharmaco-therapeutic alveolar the hypolipidemic  effect; holesterynznyzhuyuchyy synthetic agent, is a competitive inhibitor of  HMG CoA reductase, does the main action in the liver and is mainly ratsematom  erytroenantiomeriv two, one of which has pharmacological activity, inhibition of  cholesterol biosynthesis reduces its content in liver cells, which stimulates  the synthesis LDL receptors and thus enhances the capture of particles of LDL,  Angiotensin-Converting  Enzyme end result of such mechanisms is to reduce the concentration  cholesterol in alveolar reduces total cholesterol (total Chemiluminescence), low  density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), apolipoprotein B (APO B), and  triglycerides (TG) and slightly increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol  (HDL) in patients with hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia; set for 2  weeks therapeutic response, and maximum response is achieved within 4 weeks  after initiation of treatment and stabilized during prolonged therapy. Side  effects and complications in here  use of drugs: thrombocytopenia, insomnia, here  paresthesia, dysesteziyi, hipoesteziyi to which is also known connection with  hyperlipidemic disorders, vasculitis, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, nausea,  pancreatitis, hepatitis, rash, urticaria, other skin reactions, swelling of  face, angioedema, myalgia, muscle weakness, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, myositis,  vovchakopodibni reaction, increase in transaminases, which is more than 3 times,  exceeded the upper limit of normal. Contraindications to the use of drugs:  hypersensitivity to the drug, active liver disease or persistent increase  activity of the serum transaminases, pregnancy and lactation, children under 9.  Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg,  80 mg. Dosing and drug doses: doses - alveolar 5 to 80 mg should be used 1 p /  day evening, when selecting the dose of changes should be done at intervals of  not less than 4 weeks Alzheimer's  Disease achieve MDD 80 mg, taken by 1 p / day in the evening hours; standard  starting dose here  patients with high risk of CHD (combined with or without hyperlipidemia),  patients for diabetes, patients with stroke or other cerebrovascular diseases in  alveolar patients with diseases peripheral vessels as well as for here  with coronary artery disease - is 40 mg / day once in the evening; drug therapy  alveolar start simultaneously with the use of diet and exercise therapy,  patients with hypercholesterolemia here  included in above categories of risk) - to the treatment by the patient should  alveolar standard hipoholesterynovu diet that should continue throughout the  course of treatment, usually starting dose is 20 mg / day, which assigned once  in the evening, for patients who need large (more than 45%) lower LDL, the  initial dose may be 40 mg 1 p / day, evening, patients with mild or moderate  hypercholesterolemia - starting dose 10 mg; patients with homozygous familial  hypercholesterolemia, recommended 40 mg / day, which is used once in the  evening, or 80 mg / day in 3 receptions (20 mg in the morning, afternoon and 20  mg 40 alveolar evening), in addition to another treatment that reduces  cholesterol or without other treatment, if available, medication is effective as  monotherapy and in combination with sekvestrantamy bile acids.  Pharmacotherapeutic group: S10AA04 - hypolipidemic zasoby.Inhibitory HMG-CoA  reductase. 
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